Key Takeaways
- A home inspection covers 10 major systems: roof, foundation, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, and more
- Common red flags include water damage, foundation cracks, outdated wiring, and roof issues
- Use this checklist during home tours to spot potential problems before making an offer
- After inspection, use our free report generator to create a professional report
1 Exterior & Grounds
Drainage & Landscaping
- Does drainage flow away from the house?
- Any standing water or erosion near the foundation?
- Are downspouts directing water at least 3 feet from the house?
- Trees and branches at least 3 feet from roof and foundation?
Driveway & Walkways
- Cracks or uneven surfaces?
- Proper grading away from house?
- Condition of concrete/asphalt?
Decks, Porches & Steps
- Secure and stable?
- Signs of rot or water damage?
- Railings present and sturdy?
- Properly attached to house?
2 Foundation
Exterior Foundation
- Visible cracks (horizontal = serious)?
- Signs of settling or shifting?
- Evidence of previous repairs?
- Gaps between foundation and siding?
Interior Signs
- Cracks in walls or ceilings?
- Doors that stick or won't close?
- Windows that won't open properly?
- Uneven floors?
3 Roof & Attic
Roof Exterior
- Missing, curled, or cracked shingles?
- Signs of moss, algae, or lichen?
- Flashing intact around chimney and vents?
- Gutters clean and securely attached?
- Downspouts in good condition?
Attic Interior
- Signs of water stains or leaks?
- Adequate insulation?
- Proper ventilation (soffit + ridge vents)?
- Signs of pests or nesting?
- Condition of roof decking from inside?
4 Siding & Exterior Walls
- Paint peeling or blistering?
- Siding warped, cracked, or loose?
- Gaps around windows or doors?
- Signs of asbestos (older homes)?
- Proper caulking around openings?
5 Windows & Doors
Windows
- Seals intact (no condensation between panes)?
- Open and close easily?
- Locks functioning?
- No drafts or air leakage?
- Glass cracked or broken?
Doors
- Exterior doors seal properly?
- Interior doors open/close easily?
- Weatherstripping intact?
- Garage door safety sensors working?
6 Electrical
Panel & Wiring
- Electrical panel updated and labeled?
- Circuit breakers trip appropriately?
- No signs of outdated knob-and-tube wiring?
- No aluminum wiring (fire hazard)?
Outlets & Switches
- All outlets working?
- GFCI outlets near water (kitchen, bath, garage)?
- Outlets grounded (3-prong)?
- Light switches functioning?
- No exposed wiring?
7 Plumbing
Pipes & Fixtures
- Visible pipes free from corrosion or leaks?
- Water pressure strong and consistent?
- All fixtures drain properly?
- Hot water temperature adequate?
- Sewer line scoped (older homes)?
Water Heater
- Age (typical lifespan: 8-12 years)?
- Signs of leaks or rust?
- Properly secured?
- TPR valve functional?
8 HVAC
Heating
- Furnace age (typical lifespan: 15-20 years)?
- Heats consistently throughout house?
- No unusual noises or smells?
- Air filters clean?
Cooling
- A/C unit age (typical lifespan: 10-15 years)?
- Cools consistently?
- No unusual noises?
- Condensate drain clear?
Ductwork & Vents
- Ducts clean and free of mold?
- Vents clear of obstructions?
- Proper airflow in all rooms?
9 Interior Rooms
Walls, Ceilings & Floors
- No cracks or water stains?
- Paint in good condition?
- Floors level and secure?
- No signs of mold or mildew?
Kitchen
- Appliances functioning?
- Cabinets and drawers work properly?
- Countertops in good condition?
- No plumbing leaks under sink?
Bathrooms
- Toilets secure and flushing properly?
- Caulking intact around tub/shower?
- Exhaust fan working?
- No water damage around fixtures?
Bedrooms & Living Areas
- Adequate outlets?
- Windows operational?
- Smoke/CO detectors present?
- Proper egress windows in bedrooms?
10 Garage
- Garage door operating properly?
- Safety sensors functioning?
- Firewall between garage and house?
- Adequate lighting?
- No structural issues?
Common Red Flags to Watch For
| Issue | Why It Matters | Estimated Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Foundation cracks | Structural integrity | $5,000-$30,000+ |
| Roof damage | Water intrusion | $5,000-$15,000+ |
| Outdated electrical | Fire hazard | $2,000-$8,000 |
| Plumbing leaks | Water damage, mold | $1,000-$5,000 |
| HVAC issues | Comfort, energy efficiency | $3,000-$10,000 |
Using This Checklist
For Buyers
- Print this checklist before home tours
- Note any concerns during viewing
- Share findings with your inspector
- Use results to negotiate repairs
For Sellers
- Pre-check your home before listing
- Address major issues proactively
- Prepare for buyer's inspection
- Avoid surprises during closing
For DIY Inspectors
- Use this as a guide only
- Hire a licensed inspector for official reports
- Document everything with photos
- Don't skip systems you're unfamiliar with
Ready to Create Your Report?
After your inspection, use our free tool to turn your notes into a professional report.
Open Free Report GeneratorFrequently Asked Questions
How long does a home inspection take?
A typical home inspection takes 2-4 hours depending on the size and condition of the property. Larger homes or those with more issues may take longer.
What is the most important thing in a home inspection?
The most critical areas are structural integrity (foundation), roof condition, electrical systems, plumbing, and HVAC. These are the expensive items that can become major safety hazards.
Should I be present during the home inspection?
Yes, attending the inspection allows you to ask questions and see issues firsthand. Most inspectors welcome your presence and will explain their findings as they go.